The term “genocide” implies intent to destroy a group, a charge not substantiated by evidence at the scale claimed. Human rights abuses are documented—Human Rights Watch reported extrajudicial killings and torture, like the 2024 Definus Kogoya case, and the UN noted 60,000–100,000 displaced since 2018 due to military operations. However, these incidents are tied to a complex conflict involving the Free Papua Movement (OPM) and its armed wing, the TPNPB, which has attacked civilians, including the 2018 killing of 21 workers and the 2023 kidnapping of a New Zealand pilot. Indonesia’s operations target separatist insurgents, not civilians as a group. The 500,000-death figure lacks credible sourcing and conflates decades of conflict-related deaths, including those caused by separatist actions and tribal clashes. Recent X posts show ex-OPM members joining Indonesia’s unitary state (NKRI), signaling growing trust among some Papuans, undermining the genocide narrative.
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